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Table of Contents

• ↓ The MIA interface page
• ↓ The IOP's architecture and the PROM page
• ↓ Conclusions
• ↓ Notes and references
• ↓ Structure of the adder
• ↓ The adder in silicon
• ↓ Top Alternatives to righto.com

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Visual representation extracted from righto.com

Content Snippets from righto.com

"Computer history, restoring vintage computers, IC reverse engineering, and whatever"

"The Space Shuttle's five1 general-purpose computers played a critical role in each flight: controlling the engines, monitoring thousands of sensors, displaying data to the astronauts, and navigating the Shuttle. Each computer consisted of two 60-pound aluminum-alloy boxes: the box on the right is the CPU, a 32-bit processor that executed 420,000 instructions per second. These computers were designed before microprocessors became popular, so the processor was built from multiple boards crammed with simple chips and they used magnetic core memory rather than DRAM chips."

"The box on the left is the I/O Processor (IOP): the link between the CPU and the rest of the Shuttle. It implemented the input/output capabilities for the computer, primarily 24 high-speed networks that connected the computer to the Shuttle's systems and sensors. But the IOP wasn't just a peripheral; it was a separate programmable computer, more complicated than the main CPU. The IOP had an unusual architecture: it was one of the first multi-threaded computers, implementing 25 virtual processors (with two completely different instruction sets) that ran on one physical processor."

"I obtained two circuit cards from the I/O Processor,2 each a 9"×3" rectangle packed with tiny chips and other components. In IBM lingo, each card is called a "page" (remember this term). The top page is a network interface, providing four network connections, each handling 1 million bits per second. (The IOP contained six of these cards for its 24 network connections.) The bottom page held the microcode for the IOP's processors, the low-level code that defined each instruction. The rows of white-and-gold chips stored the microcode's bits in tiny metal fuses, programmed by blowing a fuse for each 1 bit. In this article, I'll explain how the I/O Processor worked, and the roles of these two pages."

Key Topics & Focus Areas for righto.com:

The MIA interface page

The IOP's architecture and the PROM page

Conclusions

Notes and references

Structure of the adder

The adder in silicon